What Are The Main Contrasts To Be Found In Portugal? :: essays research papers fc

What Are The Main Contrasts To Be Found in Portugal?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When answering a question such as this, one must primarily begin by pointing out that not only does Portugal have a great many contrasts within its land, but also that it contrasts greatly with the other Mediterranean countries. Portugal is not to be considered by any means as Spain's poor neighbour, nor should a shadow be cast over it by such a formidable nation. Portugal has a great deal to offer any visitor, it is not merely a tourist's paradise, yet this is regrettably how it is viewed by a large number of individuals. One must also not forget Portugal's history of being, in days gone by, one of the greater maritime nations, one of the more advanced exploring countries of Europe. Whilst Spain was occupied with discovering the Indias and consequently the Americas, Portugal was itself busy exploring Africa and making its own invaluable discoveries, although these are for the most part overlooked.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being situated on the westernmost edge of Europe and the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal enjoys a relative privacy and independence from the rest of Mediterranean countries. Bordering on Spain on two sides and the sea on the others, the nation as naturally turned towards the sea, from which it draws both its strength and wealth and turned its back on its greatest rival, Spain. Due to its constant waves of invasion throughout the ages, Portugal is a vastly diverse land, not only in geographical terms but also in terms of heritage. It is true to say that Portugal does share a number of similarities with Spain, but it is by no means identical. Rather it is a nation which blends Moorish influences, British tradition and Mediterranean culture to form a truly unique land of peoples.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When considering the diversity of a country such as Portugal, the mention of which immediately conjures up a melange of images from North African to Western European, from hot and balmy weather to snow capped mountains, one must really begin by describing the two principle factors, those of climate and geography, which themselves are interwoven. These in turn have a great effect on and to a certain extent bring about other differences which can be noted within the narrow confines of this nation, such as those of vegetation, economy and landscape.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On examining Portugal in terms of contrasting regions or areas, one must obviously have a starting point and that is generally considered to be a comparison between north and south, the River Tagus (Tejo) being the dividing line. However, Portugal can naturally be divided into three great natural

Retelling Is Not the Same as Recalling

This article is talking about recalling is more accuracy on Information and details. However it's different from retelling. Retelling is more focus on the speaker's goals, the audience, and the social context more generally. It has explained that retelling the story facts are much better that elaboration of the story. However, the new memory would Incomplete or distorted our old memory. Hence, It decreases the accuracy of our memory. Retelling can be linked to memory errors observed In domains such as flashbulb memories and eyewitness testimony.Flashbulb memory explained that why we could remember something very well. It's because flashbulb memory a clear memory of an emotion significant moment or event and location. Therefore, very could remember what we were doing and where we were accuracy. We could only remember well for the facts of the event, but not all the details. When the times pass longer, it would replace by the new memory too, to reduce the accuracy of memory. I would li ke to introduce to my friends or parent that our memory is not accuracy for something that we not always recall. It's hard to remember all the details andInformation of the events. Mostly, we could retell the facts of the story or events. It Is because our new memory replaced our old memory. That's why It would affect our accuracy of memory. There are also so many things could affect our memory. Such as, environment, internal state, consciousness, encoding and rehearsing. Those facts would affect the accuracy and how well we could remember for the detail. Personal Reaction This article let me understand that why something we could memorize so well and we would never forget that and something we could only remember the facts but not the details.It's because of our recalling and retelling of emotion and location. We could only remember the facts but not all the details. However, when something that we didn't recall a lot It may replace by the new memory and it would mess up our real m emory. I'm agreeing with this article, because something that we recall well Is depends on our memory. How done some facts affect our memory and accuracy of memory. Sometime, we may Just remember the mall story of the even. It's because some information may replace by the new memory but our brain will use those new memory to make sense of it.Hence, it will affect the accuracy memory. There were some experiences showed in the article, recalling the fact is much better than recalling the details. I think it's because different people have different quality of memorization, some people are good at retelling information. As I remember during our class, you have talked a lot about memory and it is a huge topic. As I remember, during the class, we have talked a lot about memory. There are a lot of facts could affect out memory. They are link to this article. Such as, explicit memory, implicit memory, context-dependent memory and state dependent memory.They are some information we have dis cussed during the class which Is connect with this article. After I read this article, I know more about how recalling affects our memory accuracy and why we can't remember well for some detail except some condition (ex: flashbulb memory). Retelling Is Not the Same as Recalling By checking This article is talking about recalling is more accuracy on information and details. Memory would incomplete or distorted our old memory. Hence, it decreases the accuracy of our memory. Retelling can be linked to memory errors observed in information of the events.Mostly, we could retell the facts of the story or events. It is because our new memory replaced our old memory. That's why it would affect our we didn't recall a lot it may replace by the new memory and it would mess up our real memory. I'm agreeing with this article, because something that we recall well is memory. Sometime, we may Just remember the main story of the even. It's because information we have discussed during the class whic h is connect with this article. After I read this article, I know more about how recalling affects our memory accuracy and why we can't remember well for some detail except some condition (ex: flashbulb

The Aging Memory A Research on Working Memory and Recall...

The aging memory: short-term memory and recall performance differences found in age groups. 1. Introduction The following research proposal aims to continue to further the discussion and study into human memory. However, specifically more into the difference that can be found between age groups in terms of short-term memory and recall performance. Motivation to undertake in such a study can be said to expand on the existing knowledge as well as to close any gaps due to lack of insight and testing in specific areas – short-term memory and recall performance. Another reason as to why this topic is being researched is to further my own interest within this specialised area of memory as well as cognitive neuroscience in psychology.†¦show more content†¦Short-term or working memory is another term that is important to define. Working memory is a limited amount of information for a limited amount of time that can be processed whilst stimuli is present. (Banich Compton, 2011). It is the temporary storage of information currently being received (Kaczmarzyk, 2013). The term working memory will be used to refer to short-term memory hereafter. Another concept to take into account is ‘recall’ and that is the recollection or retrieval of information that has been previously processed (Dumas Hartman, 2003). An example to explain this concept would be the recalling of a word that a student has learnt for a spelling test. It is now possible to continue further discussion on this topic as key concepts have been clarified. There has been a vast amount of study into working memory. Working memory is said to hold at least 7 items for a time span of 10 to 15 seconds at times it can hold and recall information for 1 minute (Fine, 2008). According to Banich and Compton (2011), working memory consists of a number of information-processing systems such as; visual, auditory as well as verbal operations. Many times impairments of those systems lead to working memory deficits found in certain individuals. Therefore, it can be stated that due to the systems working memory consists of the region in which it is most reliantShow MoreRelatedYour Ability To Use Your Short Term Memory When Emotions1014 Words   |  5 PagesUse Your Short Term Memory When Emotions Cloud Judgement: Short Term Memory and Emotions When using short term memory a topic or a picture can be forgotten within minutes. Then when an event that causes a positive or negative emotion occurs that creates dissonance. Short term memory recall can be important in some situations that are out of our control. When piecing together what the best emption to have when trying to recall information from ourRead MoreAge Related Cognitive Decline5681 Words   |  23 PagesTITLE: THE EFFECT OF AGE ON SHORT TERM MEMORY ABSTRACT: Age associated declines in cognitive processes are important to the understanding of the human mind. This study investigates the relationship between ageing and short term memory in particular, by first exploring current cognitive and neuroscientific research involving concepts such as short term/working memory, long term memory and ageing, and secondly, by means of a short term memory experiment involving verbal and numerical stimuliRead MoreThe First Type Of A Person Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesAn individual can be one of three types of people when he is trying to remember someone. The first type is someone who would off the bat recognize the other person as being familiar, but just cannot recall that person’s name in that exact moment. The second type would be someone who recognizes the person by name, but would not recognize him when he sees him in person. The third type is the person would be the star individual who could correctly recognize the person and confidentl y greet the personRead More Impact of Pregnancy Cortisol Levels on High and Low Working Memory Capacity837 Words   |  4 PagesLevels on High and Low Working Memory Capacity The terms â€Å"baby brain† and â€Å"maternal amnesia† are informally used to describe the perceived memory loss and inattentiveness many women report suffering during pregnancy (Cuttler, Graf, Pawluski Galea, 2010). Previous studies have suggested that this perceived memory loss may be associated with temporary exhaustion of working memory capacity (WMC) (Casey, 2000). In 1971, Marian Diamond and collegues did extensive research on pregnant and non-pregnantRead MoreCognitive Aging Through A Variety Of Theories1432 Words   |  6 PagesResearch has attempted to explain cognitive aging through a variety of theories. Each of these theories believes that it can encapsulate all the changes that occur in cognition as individual’s age. Some of these cognitive aging theories include executive function, speed of processing, inhibition and frontal lobe theory. This paper will examine each theory along with the supporting research. Furthermore this paper will attempt to draw a conclusion on which theory or explanation best explains cognitiveRead MoreThe Human Cognition And Memory For This Year s Science Fair1806 Words   |  8 PagesI developed and determined my project because I immensely wanted to deal with the human cognition and memory for this year’s science fair. I started to initiate my project when I realized I wanted to work with memo ry mainly because of the fact that we use our memory for practically every moment in our life. I was also interested with our brain and our nervous system and their basic function. Although I really developed experiment when I was in a math classroom and my teacher decided to play musicRead MoreBrain Training And Its Effects On The Elderly s Memory And Functioning1926 Words   |  8 PagesEffects on the Elderly’s Memory and Functioning Memory is how we as human’s store past events in our minds to retrieve them at a later time. Our ability to remember and retrieve these past memories can be likened to how a computer functions, such as in the information processing approach. This approach gives emphasis to the basic practice of remembering, and the steps involved in our mental functionality (Sigelman Rider, 2014). As humans, our memory and ability to recall information naturally declinesRead More Improving Memory Essay example1145 Words   |  5 PagesMemory is a very important tool to our everyday lives. Without memory, we would not be able to function very productively. You can look at someone suffering with Alzheimer’s disease and see the effects of the inability to make new memories, as well as lost and confused memory. According to what I have read in the textbook, the foundation of our speech and learning is our memory. In general, there are three types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memoryRead MoreCase Study - Early Alzheimers1730 Words   |  7 Pagessister in a single case study. VJ was formerly employed in the construction industry. VJ started to attend the memory clinic in 1993. He was then diagnosed having an early stage of dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT). His sister joined him at the clinic. The researchers started with a process called, cognitive rehabilitation (CR) intervention. Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) focuses on memory functioning. Although CR was at first developed for patients with traumatic brain injuries, it was proven toRead MoreAging Is Often Associated With Gradual Cognitive Decline1289 Words   |  6 PagesAging is often associated with gradual cognitive decline which can significantly affect an individual’s quality of life. In Australia, 110, 000 people identified as suffering from dementia (ABS, 2012). A relatively new intervention that aims to combat this cognitive decline, involves the use of computerised brain training programs. Many studies have shown that cognitive training can improve cognitive function in older adults (Peretz, et al., 2011, p. 91). Having said that, there here have been mixed

Oskar Schindler Character Analysis Essay - 891 Words

Schindler’s character is one of the most interesting aspects throughout the film. Mainly because it seemed very hard to characterize Schindler with concrete adjectives. The film is constantly making the viewer question what type of man Oskar Schindler is. In the beginning, he appears to care only about money and seems particularly interested in using his position within the Nazi party to further his drive for wealth/personal pleasures. He’s depicted with somewhat of an ignorant tone, almost as if he doesn’t ever stop and think about the Nazi party’s destructive nature. This is shown early in the film when Schindler is at the Nazi gathering trying to seduce the officer’s female companion. He doesn’t appear to acknowledge the fact that he’s†¦show more content†¦He seems to be cautious at first with Schindler when they first meet and Schindler proposes his plan for an enamel factory. Throughout the film though, I think Stern sees that Schindler is saving people and understands that he can be of use in this process. He goes along with Schindler because he sees the hope that Schindler presents. At one point he states â€Å"The list is life† when discussing Oskar’s plan to buy the Jews from Goth. He understands what Schindler is trying to do and supports him. Having the support of a close friend I think sped up the process of Oskar’s transformation. Being close to a Jew pushed Schindler to face the horrors of the war and act accordingly, resulting in the savior of hundreds. For this reason, I would say that he is just as important as Schindler. I think Schindler’s relationship with Goth is purely one of manipulation. Schindler is using goth, as he is using the entire Nazi party, to get what he wants. It’s clear that he doesn’t agree with Goth and he even tries to convince him not to kill anyone else in a late-night conversation. When Schindler defends Goth, I don’t think he’s truthfully defending Goth, but rather making an excuse for all the wrong that’s occurring in the world, specifically what he himself is doing. He realizes that on the outside it just appears as if he’s a slave-labor profiteer. If you look deeper, however, you’ll find a man that isn’t all that bad. I think he feels guilty for his

Watson and Rayner’s Classical Study with Llittle Albert Essay

In the following essay I will be looking into the study conducted by Watson and Rayner (1920) on a small child known as ‘Little Albert’. The experiment was an adaptation of earlier studies on classical conditioning of stimulus response, one most common by Ivan Pavlov, depicting the conditioning of stimulus response in dogs. Watson and Rayner aimed to teach Albert to become fearful of a placid white rat, via the use of stimulus associations, testing Pavlov’s earlier theory of classical conditioning. In response to the question set, I will go into detail of the study, consisting of the background, main hypotheses, as well the aims, procedure and results gathered from the study; explaining the four research methods chosen to investigate,†¦show more content†¦(N.B Willey, 1924). This is shown in the study primarily as the rat to be visually introduced as the emotionally exciting object, followed by the striking of the steel bar as the non-emotionally exciting object. This was constructed to determine whether the former object, in time can be seen to produce the same emotional reaction as the latter object via stimulus transition. The following paragraph will now look into the opening aspects of the study along with the first research question aimed to address. Watson and Rayner aimed to investigate; ‘Can we condition fear of an animal, e.g., a white rat, by visually presenting it and simultaneously striking a steel bar?’ (B.Watson, R.Rayner, 2000). To test this method the case study was carried out in a controlled lab-based setting, with participant observation. To first eliminate any participant variables, little Albert at nine months of age was subject to a successive viewing of a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, a dog, with masks and without hair, along with cotton wool, burning newspaper and other variables. (B.Watson, R Rayner , 1920). Manipulation was the most common reaction to these encounters (attempts to touch or engage with the stimulus presented), Watson and Rayner (1920) write ‘At no time did this infant ever show fear in any situation.’ After it was established that there was not an innate

Space Exploration Essay Sample free essay sample

Space – a new frontier for the enlargement of human mind. To research the existence and convey back to earth its many admirations is an thought that has been engrained into the very nature of humanity itself. Although it seems a simple thought. to go into infinite is an tremendous enterprise. It requires a virtually illimitable budget and an ethical position that deems infinite geographic expedition admissible. To many. the geographic expedition of the last frontier would be an priceless human achievement. To many others. nevertheless. to fiddle with the landscape of the contents of the existence would be to destruct the enigma and singularity of said admirations. The subject of infinite geographic expedition is heatedly debated. The most of import things to see when developing a point of view or sentiment on the affair should include the moralss of fiddling with nature. the amount of money spent on the necessary equipment. and the overall addition for humanity – Is it truly worth it? Exploration of infinite would necessitate people to fiddle with the environment of their location. Is this ethical? One could reason that people tamper with environments on Earth to make full their desire for cognition. Why would making this in infinite be any different? One could besides reason. nevertheless. that fiddling with things is infinite is extremely unethical. These people would reason that the cliche . â€Å"Leave it better than how you found it. † should use. Space itself is infinite. but its resources are non. They are non expendable. Margaret R. McLean. writer of â€Å"To Boldly Go: Ethical Considerations for Space Exploration† . provinces that worlds are â€Å"Not†¦ proprietors of the solar system. but†¦ responsible directors of its admiration and beauty† ( Source E ) . McLean has three rules for infinite geographic expedition that trade with saving. preservation. and holding an ethical mentality ( Source E ) . These are. so. good things to see when covering with this really volatile subject. but there is another side to the argument. Some would reason that the benefits of infinite geographic expedition could immensely spread out the potency of the human race. One could safely assume that really few. if any. of these people are expecting destructing the universe’s environment. They are likely concerned with the issue of preservation. but see the happy medium between the two thoughts. There is the possible for a complete displacement in the manner humans view the universe that could be gained from encompassing what infinite has to offer. The lone manner to see those new thoughts become world is to continue infinite and encompass the admirations it has to offer – herein lies the happy medium. Space geographic expedition is expensive. In 2008. 17 billion dollars was budgeted for NASA. $ 5. 3 billion was specifically dedicated to infinite geographic expedition. This disbursal accounts for less than 2 cents out of every federal dollar spent ( Source C ) . Although this seems a reasonably ample sum. one should halt to see where it goes. This money pays for fabrication. wages. insurance companies. research. development. and many other topographic points. It flows through the American economic system merely like money spent on other authorities affiliated enterprises ( Source A ) . Space geographic expedition has benefits that extend beyond what one can larn from sing another planet. The dream of being an spaceman. a physicist. an applied scientist. a scientist. or any other dream for that affair. can be inspired by infinite geographic expedition. These dreams inspire the immature people of today to work difficult and do positive picks ( Source A ) . The idea of understanding t he existence can drive one to desire cognition more than about anything else. When cognition is sought after. it is attained. Knowledge can be put to utilize in many Fieldss and can assist many people. Puting the money into infinite geographic expedition can take to inspiration. Inspiration leads to discovery. Why non put in find. cognition. and the wellbeing of humanity as a whole? Space geographic expedition can profit humanity in many different ways and is really good deserving seting attempt into. As stated antecedently. it can animate the young person of today to work hard and woolgather large. It can besides supply new and unheard of substances. Some of the substances could perchance bring around malignant neoplastic disease or do other effectual medical specialties that society demands. New stuffs for building could be discovered doing things more efficient and lasting. One could even venture to state that our thoughts on the formation and workings of the existence. and by extension ourselves. could be drastically altered or wholly overhauled! Michael Collins in his book. â€Å"Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journeys† . he states that the political leaders of today could larn a thing or two from looking at Earth from a distance. â€Å"The bantam Earth would go on to turn. serenely disregarding its subdivisions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Source G ) . Collins makes the point that boundaries would go all but meaningless and that worlds are truly non every bit important as they think that they are ( Source G ) . â€Å"I think that the position from 100. 000 stat mis could be priceless in acquiring people together to work out joint solutions. by doing them to recognize that the planet we portion unites us in a manner far more basic and far more of import than differences in skin colour or faith or economic system. † ~Michael Collins ( Source G ) Space geographic expedition requires many factors to be taken into history. One must see the moralss. cost. and overall addition of said enterprise. Space geographic expedition is an intelligibly hard subject to delegate value to sing the unattainability of immediate benefits. But. when seting the facts about infinite geographic expedition together. one cryptic truth remains – the cost is minimum. the moralss are agreeable. and the benefits are perfectly priceless.

Business Accounting Investment Business Factors

Question: Describe about the Business Accounting for Investment Business Factors. Answer: Introduction The following report highlights different aspects of investment factors in view of the performance and sustainable factors of the listed company. Investment decision is taken by considering the organizations efficiency to maximize profit, maintain sustainable growth and corporate social responsibility. For the purpose of this report, Woolworths Limited has been selected by discussing its progress against its strategic priorities as well as evaluating the six capitals in creating organizational values (Nesterenko et al., 2015). The other part of the report highlights the significant issues by considering the report of the Chairman, Managing Director as well as Corporate Responsibility Report. For the purpose of evaluating the overall performance of the company, key financial ratios for the accounting year 2015 has been measured that includes profitability ratios, performance ratios and investment ratios. Further, the analysis on the companys performance is to be done by considering th e statement of income, statement of financial position and statement of cash flow for the accounting year 2015 (De Harlez Malagueo, 2016). Discussion Description of core business of the company Woolworths Limited is one of the major and second largest companies in Australia founded by Percy Christmas, Ernest Williams on September 22, 1924 having its headquarters at Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. The company operates in retailing industry listed on the Australia Stock Exchange serving different regions across the world. The companys current operating income records at $1.6 billion while the recorded revenue was $59 billion having its operating divisions in supermarkets, general merchandise and other products. It has been observed that company operates to create the long- term value for its stakeholders with respect to the return on capital, investment returns and maximizing the profitability. During the year, increase in net profit after tax reported to 0.1% whereas the net profit reflected a decline at 12.5% on statutory basis. However, the report group sales of the organization were $60.7 billion during the current year with the increase in revenue by 2.5% exclud ing the sales from the product of petrol (Woolworths Limited., 2016). Companys progress against its strategic priorities Objectives of business strategy are ranked by the significance in terms of achieving the business goals with respect to finance, resource planning, optimum business production and sales and marketing. Considering the financial statement of Woolworths Limited for the accounting year 2015, strategic priorities are with respect to the financing activities, customer benefits, business operational activities and other stakeholders benefits (Vishnevskiy, Karasev Meissner, 2015). It has been noted that the organizations group sales reported at $60.7 billion which declined by 0.0% compared to that of the result of previous year 2014. However, the net profit after tax reflected increase by 0.1% during the year 2015 while the earnings per share reported $195.2 during the financial year 2015, which was declined by 1.5%. It has been observed that the strategic priorities in case of financial and operational activities the company disclosed progress in the earnings from the operating activities before interest, tax, depreciation and other administrative expenses. The results of the financial information disclosed 6.0% increase from the income on rent whereas increase of 3.1% in the payment of dividend (Abdulrahman, et al., 2015). Additionally, the strategic priorities with respect to the customer benefits cover the expansion of sales to the existing consumers as well as to the prospect customers. Woolworths Limited is best known for maintaining the strong relationship with the consumers by achieving the required sustainability measures, social responsibility measures and returns on investment (Longoni Cagliano, 2015). Moreover, in case of operational and internal strategic objectives, the organization improves the retailing strategies by maintaining the infrastructure, product quality, manufacturing processes and better technology. It has been noted that in case of learning strategic objectives, Woolworths Limited improved the training and communication session for the employees that assist in increasing the work quality to achieve the business goals (Mandzila Zeghal, 2016). Significant issues from the Chairmans Report Report of the chairperson of an organization states the overall performance of the business activities that is included in the financial reports during the accounting year. The report presents the summary of organizational operating activities, activities of the board members and management as well as the personal standpoint with respect to the future of the company (Dexter et al., 2015). The report of chairperson of Woolworths during the year 2015 reflects certain significant issues along with the favorable issues for its performance. One of the major issues reflected in the chairmans report is the decrease in revenue by 12.5% that was based on the statutory activities. On the contrary, company experienced decline in-group sales by 0.2% during the financial year 2015 yet it paid higher dividends to the shareholders. It can be observed that company paid 137 cents as dividend per share in the year 2014 whereas 139 cents during the year 2015 indicating the increase in payout ratio and decrease in retention ratio. Further, the organization experienced retirement of a director served the directorship for more than four years along with the retirement of non- executive director that formed a part of suitable transition during the year 2014 (Knudsen, Moon Slager, 2015). Other significant issues in the Chairmans report have been observed with respect to the change in the senior management team. In order to find an eligible and efficient leader for maintaining the organizational operations the Board of Directors conducted search on the global basis (Orlitzky et al., 2015). It has been noted that many efficient followers retired from the management team that became the problem to find the suitable and efficient replacement during the financial year 2015. However, the employee strength of the organization was noted at 190,000 known to serve the consumers with their hard and efficient work for the growth of Woolworths Limited during the financial year 2015 (Knudsen, Moon Slager, 2015). Significant issues from the Managing Directors Report Managing Directors report of the company states the scale of business, business network, supply chain and the capability to remove the operating efficiency that helps in providing better competitive advantages. The report of the managing director not only focuses on the operational and financial activities but also the business activities that create the business values in different products in different regions (Lins, Servaes Tamayo, 2015). It has been noted that Woolworths Limited is one of the leading organizations in the retailing industry with 30% more than the competitors. One of the significant issues noted in the managing directors report was change in the market environment due to strong competition and change in the consumers shopping behavior. Essential challenges noted in the report with respect to the consumers experience for shopping in the supermarkets of Australia with the investment of around $200 million. In order to outperform the business in the products of liquo r, Woolworths noted to face the challenges on access to the market share in the financial year 2015. Additionally, the organization found it difficult to add new ranges of the products along with the changes in the structure of the store for the leading brands across the globe (Campopiano De Massis, 2015). It has been noted that the company had returned 72% of the profit from the significant items in the form of dividend amounted to $1.8 billion. The issue with regard to the dividend distribution is maintenance of retention ratio that is relevant for the growth and expansion of the business (Morris, 2015). On the contrary, Woolworths reported to be the largest retailer by 30% in the liquor product compared to the other organizations in the same industries. It was observed that the company invested around 56000 hours during each week indicating a larger employment in the retailing industry. Significant issues from the Corporate Responsibility Report Corporate Responsibility report presents the integrity, due diligence and ethical practice of business activities for the benefit of consumers, society and other group of stakeholders. It covers the highlight and discusses the involvement of people, planet and prosperity for the growth of business activities. Considering the corporate responsibility report of Woolworths, it can be said that the company maintained the integrity, accountability and transparency while operating the business activities (Stender, Astrup Dyerberg, 2016). However, there are certain issues noticed in the report during the financial year 2015 that disclosed the percentage of women employees is around 39% and the company invested $28.2 million for the training of employees. Moreover, the company experienced the reduction of 42% in the form of carbon emissions from the operational facilities. In view of the achievement of significant business targets, it was noted that the strategy on the business sustainability was achieved at 91% compared to the commitment from the year 2007 to the year 2015. Similarly, the company managed to save only $172 million from the operating activities with respect to the investment in energy department (Cotton Daly, 2015). Considering the prosperity of the business values of for the contribution in the economy of Australia the recorded amount was $114 billion against which the wages paid valued to $7.4 billion. Contribution to the partners of the organization and community reflected the amount of $36 million that affects the investment and distribution to the investors. Payment of taxes amounted to $2.4 billion during the financial year 2015 indicates the earning capacity from the operational activities and administrative activities (Woolworths Limited., 2016). Key Financial Ratios for the year 2015 Financial ratio is measured by considering two relative terms from the financial statements of the organization. The ratios on profitability, performance, investment and employment of funds determine the efficiency of the company for the benefit of the different group of stakeholders. In view of the financial statements of Woolworths for the year 2015, the profitability ratios and performance ratios have been measured to compare the standards of the industry. Performance ratio is measured to determine the return on sales and profitability ratio including the earnings per share and return on assets. For the year 2015, gross profit ratio of Woolworths is 27.14% whereas the net profit margin is 3.51% which indicates that the organizations earning capacity 27.14% to pay off the cost of sales while 3.51% to pay off the other administrative expenses. Observing the earning per share of Woolworths for the year 2015 cents 170.8 was reported that indicates return to the shareholders on each sh are of investment is 17% (Woolworths Limited., 2016). Moreover, the statement of financial position of Woolworths, reflects the working capital ratio during the year 2015 ($7,660.9/$9,168.6) = 0.83 which is less than the standard ratio two. Hence, it indicates that the current assets employed by the organization are only 0.83 times to pay off the current liabilities. However, return on assets of the company is ($2,137/ $25,336.8) = 8.43% which indicates that the companys sources of funds in the form of total assets is efficient to generate 8.43% profits. In case of financing the business of organization, debt asset ratio is measured for the year 2015 i.e. ($3,079.3/ $25,336) = 12.15% which indicates that the companys sources of funds to pay off its debts is 12.15%. It can be said that the companys operational activities and sources of funds are efficient to pay off the organizational expenses and liabilities (Woolworths Limited., 2016). Evaluation of the companys value creation in terms of six capitals Capital is one of the major and essential sources to operate the business functions effectively and efficiently to maximize the profitability and sustainability. However, capital is not limited to the financial capital but there are various other forms of capital relevant to the operation of business. Accordingly, there are six capitals that form the entire business activities known as financial capital, manufacturing capital, human capital, social capital and relationship capital. These capitals together assist in creating the business values along with the profitability and sustainability (Lins, Servaes Tamayo, 2015). In view of the business information from the annual report of Woolworths Limited, financial capital indicates the capital employed in form of securities. It has been noted that the issued capital during the year 2015 was $5,064 million, which was increased from that of the year 2014. Return on capital i.e. $3,322/$5,064 = 65.00% which indicates that Woolworths is emp loying its capital effectively for the benefit of the shareholders. Further, manufacturing capital of the organization reflects the material and infrastructure that distributes the quality production. In case of Woolworths, the company has reported substantial improvement in the infrastructure that by reforming the store structure to create business values to the consumers (Stender, Astrup Dyerberg, 2016). Additionally, human capital is one of the key capital factors that create the business values since; the organizational growth highly depends on the employee strength and their efficiency to work. Hence, the human capital i.e. 190,000 employees of Woolworths Limited is the second highest in Australian region as well as provides hard work to for the benefit of consumers and shareholders. On the contrary, social capital and relationship capital indicates the business values with the respect to the society and communities for their benefits, advantages and safety. Woolworths Limiteds progressive activities towards the society and customers create the leadership in the industrial market and one of the largest retailing organizations (Campopiano De Massis, 2015). Recommendation In view of the financial information analysis, Woolworths Limited reported decrease in the net income during the year especially in the petrol business. Further, the working capital also reflected 0.83%, which is less than the standard ratio considering the entire retailing industry. Therefore, it is recommended that Woolworths Limited should improve its sales revenue from the business of petrol while the related expenses should be declined. Apart from that, Woolworths is suggested to maintain the retention ratio rather than increase in payment of dividend to the shareholders. Moreover, companys cash used in the investing activities reflected decreased balance compared to the previous year 2014, which indicates that Woolworths is not utilizing its funds in investment. Therefore, it is recommended that the company should manage its investment that helps in expanding the organizational business in different regions. Further, fall in the income from operating activities indicates ineffi cient business operation in manufacturing the products. Hence, it is suggested that the management of the company should manage the cost of finance paid as well as other administrative costs. Conclusion In view of the above discussion on the investment factors of Woolworths Limited, it can be concluded that the company is efficient in various business aspects. Though the sales revenue from certain businesses reflects decrease compared to the year 2014, it has been observed that the business values and strategy are strong. Further, the company is efficient generating revenues from the sources of funds as well as from the cost of sales. 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